Boring and mortising machine



UNITED srATns PATENT orricnl.

CHANDLER CARTER, OF MANCHESTER, MICHIGAN.

BORING AND MORTISING MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 6,458, dated May 22,1849.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, CHANDLER CARTER, of Manchester, in the county of Washtenaw and State of Michigan, have invented a new and useful machine for boring and mortising hubs for wagons and all kinds of wheelcarriages, the principle being applicable, with slight variations of construction, to various kinds of mortising; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specication, in which- Figure 1 is a front view of the machine, Fig. 2 a rear view, Figs. 3 and 4 side views, and Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 are views of detached portions'and sections of the machine.

The several parts of the machine are lettered and numbered as follows, in the draw;

ing-the like parts in all the figures, so far as shown, being designated by the same characters.

A, main posts; B, fenders; C, slides; D, pitmen; E, wedges; F, Stoppers; G, levers; H, lower crosspiece t0 auger gate; I, lever to auger gate; J, chisel stock; K, driving pulley to chisels; L, lever to pulley; M, solid or fast pulley; N, idle pulley; O, rods and springs; P, index; Q, crank or shaft; R, cross-arm 0n shaft; S, auger shaft; T, cross bar; U, spring to index; V, spring to lever; W, cleats to auger gate; X, auger gate; Y, drving pulley to auger; Z, pulley on auger shaft; a, hand screws to regulate hub; b, hand screws to regulate fenders; c, mandrel; d, hand screw; e, auger; f, bolts to confine crossbar, Sac.; g, blocks and bolts; 7i., i, j, le, m, n, stands; y?, bearers to support mandrel; g, lever; r, stands; s, handles to pitmen; t, girths; 1, hand screws to caps; 2, joint to pit-men; 3, cleats on fenders; 4, chisel stock; 5, chisel; 6, groove in fenders; 7, ragiron; 8, spring with catch; 9, long groove in slides; 10, keys to bearers.

The ground work upon which the machine is built consists of two upright parts marked A in the drawngs which are 8% feet high and seven inches wide by 4 in. thick. These are connected by a sill at the foot and by two girths, one of which is about 3 feet from the foot and in size 3 by 4 in.-the other is near the head of the machine and is 5 by 4 in, in size. The girths are marked t Figs. 1 and 2-they are ten inches 1ong,making the frame two feet wide. vThe frame is strongly bound together by bolts which pass through the posts and girths and confined by nuts.

The two fenders B, B, Fig. l are three feet four inches long,-3 in. thick and 4 in. wide at the lower end for about 20 in,-the remaining distance may be reduced to 2 in. as seen in Fig. 5. These fenders at their upper end are halved on to, and suspended from .blocks which are let into the posts cross wise in grooves in. deepthe blocks being confined to the posts by bolts with nuts as seen at g, g, Fig. 1. The mortise through the blocks g, g, through which the bolts pass, is oblong, which permits the blocks` to be moved a short distance in or out, in order to give any desired angle to the mortise to be made by the adjustment of the fenders.

On the inside of the lower or broad part of the fenders, are Xed cleats, which are rabbeted on their under side to form guides for the chisel stocks. The chisel stocks are 16 in. long, l in. thick by 1% in. wide. They are rabbeted on the edges so as to fit the guide formed by the cleats on the fenders.

Fig. 6 shows an end view of a section of the fender B, the cleats 3, 8, and chisel stock 4 with the .chisel on its edge at 5. The chisels are about 18 in. longmade of i in. square iron with steel bits and are fastened with screws to the chisel stocks-the chisel must project about 6 in. below the stock. The chisels are operated by pitmen D, D, which are connected to the chisels by a rule joint. The joint may be formed byriveting plates of iron t0 both sides of the pitmen, between the ends of the plates the chisel may pass and be made fast by a bolt. Fig. 5 shows an inside view of fender B, pitman D, chisel 5, and cleats 3, 3, with the joint con nectingthe chisel to the pitman at 2. If preferred the chisel stock may be made of cast iron and conencted by a joint to the pitmen, in which case a dove tail groove may be formed in the lower end of the stock and a chisel bit of the proper dimensions fitted to it and fastened by a key or pin.

The pitmen are attached to the crank or shaft Q, by caps and bolts. The crank is supported by bearings bolted to the front of the posts-it is a double angular crank with the bearings for the pitmen 4% in. from the center of motion, giving a sweep to the pitmen Of 9 in. The pit-men are attached to -60` one spring on each` side. oli the chisel.

bearings on the opposite angles of the crank by which an alternate motion is produced in the chi'sels.`

The stoppers F F are oblong pieces 2O 5 inches in length 29j inches wide and 15g inches. thick, lying against the posts and confined by, and move on the bolts f which support the cross bar T. Next to the Stoppers and also lying against the posts arethe wedges E E which are 18 inches long, 1J.; inches thick, 1 inch wide at the lower end and 3 inches at the upper end. They are rabbeted on their front inside edge l; inch deep to admit and partly sustain in place they are fastened the rods and springs C C. The rods pass up and move freely through the blocks from which the fenders. are suspended.` The springs are steel Wire coiled around the rods. They serve to keep the wedges down tov their places also: they keep the wedges from being forced too high by the action of the chisels, as shown hereafter.

' On the inner edge ot' the wedges rag-irons are fixed with the teeth pointing to) the front.

Fig; 8 shows a front view off the wedge E, rod and spring() and rag-iron "(1 on the edge of the wedge.. The slides C C are 18 inches long, 1 inch thick and 3 inches Wide.. They are placed edgewise on the rabbeting` ot the wedges, as seen in F 7,. which shows an. inside view. of wed-gey E, slide C and rod Of.. To.- the inside of' the slide C, Fig.. 7 is; fixed a spring 8 with a catch which takes into the rag iron on the wedge.. The spring 8 passes-l to. the iiront in a groove in the slide and has a thumb piece by which thecatch on 'the spring is raised iroin thev rag iron when necessary. The sli-des C C are confined to the fenders B B', Fig. 1, by handl screws. which pass through the slides i'n-` an? oblong mortise so as to alllow the slides to move about threequarters oli an inch@ up and down. They have a long` groove on their-'inside 9, Fig. 7 inf which a cog plays togrve them motion. This cog isV fastened to and moves with the chisel;y stock and is suilicrentlyy long toV pass through thel tenders. into the groove in the slide. Ther long' groovev in: tender',;also the' end of thelong cog` is. seen at 6,l Fig., 9.

The lower end ot the fenders B B lie against the slides. C C and the edge of the wedges E E, andy are kept in. place byV themiddle girth` t, Fig. 2,. at. the back and byV the cross bar T, Fig.. 1,.in' front. The fendersare kept firmlly against the wedges laterally by two steel springs which. are ixed tof and between the fenders at. their' lowerends, The

spring in front ot the chisel; is seen in Fig.:y 1 just back oit the crossbarT with its. curved. end up; the. other spring romriits. position. cannot be` shown in. thedrawing; it is; placed. et?A horizontally above the. middle girth. The.

slides C. To:- the upper end ofl the wedges levers G Gr are of any convenient length, 1 inch thick and in-ove upon the bolt f as a ulcruin. A band or washer is placed upon the bolts f f between the Stoppers F F and 'the levers G G so as to bring the levers in front next to the cross bar T and keep both i levers and Stoppers in their places. The object of the levers is to throw the chisels together by actin-g against the fenders. On the back of the posts A A is placed the auger gate X, Fig. 2, which is made of stuff 1 inch thick and two feet long. It is framed together with twol cross pieces and one center perpendicular prece to which the stands are fixed. The auger gate moves in grooves formed by cleats "W WY, Fig-f.' 2, tixed to the back ot the posts A.. The auger shaft S, Fig. l, is supported by, and moves bearings. stands which are ixed to the center piece of the auger' gate.

The front ends ot these stands are seen at n n, Fig. 1, the stands being ot such length as. tobring the auger shat in front in line with the chiS'els. The lowerv end of the auger shaft terminates a screw, the auger e, Figs.r 1 and 2, has a corresponding socket and is screwed on to, the shaft. Near the upper end ot the auger shaft is the pulley Z, Fig.. 1, around which a belt passes to. drive the auger. The auger gate is' raised and Ylowered by means of the lever E which is fast to thestand if, Figs. 1 and 2,. and is con-- Inected to the auger gate at its center.v The lever isv moved by hand. When raised, the f springL V keeps it inpl'ace., To. the back of the auger gatel is fixed the stand in Figs. 3 and 4t which supports the pulleys Y N The upper part of the pulley shaft is pro ilonged above the stand la which is fixed to r the upper girth olf? the machine.. The pulley Y is directly back ot the pulley ZA on the auger shaft and the two are connected by a ebelt.

The pulley N is idle-. Around' this a bel-t passes backward between iriction guides to the power used indriving the machine. The 1 pulleyy M is fast and when' by the action'. of I the lever I the auger gate isv lowered,l this g pulley is brought intothe position before ioccupied by the pulley N, whenA the belt eiiroin: the power takes effect and puts it inA motion together with the auger, by the connectionr of thepulleys Z1 and? Y. The auger gate is prevented from descending too low i by the hand screw ,Frg. 1', whichpassesup throught the middle girth and' against which the lower stand; ol'f the auger shaft strikes, Soir `the descent of the auger gate.. The' pulley Z cannot be alcove 31 inches ini diameter e;without interfering with the fenders.. Thefpulley- Y shouldfbe of such comparative size fas tot give properA velocity to the augen.

i @nl the crank Q; whichv projects to. the jright. for that purpose is keyed the cross Farm; R.. OIL. the outside,- of the cross arm;

and movingffreely on the same axle is the driving pulley K which has two pins or cogs on the face next the cross arm. r1`hese cogs on the revolution of the pulley catch on the cross arm and communicate motion to the crank and pitmen. The pulley K is thrown off so as to relieve the cogs from the cross arm R by means of the lever L. The pulley K receives its motion by connection with the power.

The hub to be mortised is first bored, reamed, and turned and placed upon the mandrel c Fig. 1-the mandrel is placed upon the bearers p and secured by the caps and hand screws l Fig. 1. The bearers 29, p, Fig. 1 are pieces which pass through the posts A, A, and are secured by keys at the back of t-he posts-they are also keyed above and below (see 10, 10, Fig. 2) so that by regulating these keys the mandrel may be brought to the exact stroke of the chisels. On the left of the mandrel c is the index P which has as many sockets at equal distances on its circumference as there are mortises required in the hub. The spring cog U which lits into the sockets of the index P serves to keep the mandrel in position for the several mortises. The hub is kept in place endwise by the hand screws a a one of which acts directly against the hub-the other acts upon the lever of which presses the hub. The position of the mandrel and the descent of the auger and chisels must be so calculated that the auger and chisels will cut through the upper part of the hub to the mandrel without cutting the mandrel. The width of the mortise is regulated by the width of the chisels-the length, by the extension of the chisels latterally. The lateral extension of the chisels is regulated by the hand screws Z), Fig. 1 against which the fenders strike. The stands it, z', j, are framed or otherwise fastened to the posts A, A. The stands 7, 7', are let into the posts and confined by the bolts which binds the frame together.

To put themachine in operation, it must be firmly fixed in the position it is intended to. occupy and the pulleys K and' N connected by belts or otherwise with the power that is to drive the machine. A hub is then placed upon the mandrel c--the mandrel placed in the bearers p and the caps secured by the hand screws l. The fenders must be extended againstthe hand screws b, b, in order to give room for the auger. The hub is then adjusted by the hand screws a, a, so that the auger will act in the center of the mortise to be made. The lever I is then depressed which brings down the auger gate-by which the auger is brought in contact with the hub at the same time that the fast pulley M is brought into the position beforeoccupied by N, when the belt from the power takes effect and puts the auger in motion. When the hole is bored the lever I is raised which removes the auger out of the way of the chisels and at the same time the driving belt passes on t0 the idle pulley N and the motion of the auger ceases. The spring V retains the lever I in its place. The fenders B, B, are then thro-wn together by the levers Gr, G, so that the chisels will strike into the hole made by the augen-at the same time t-he spring-catches on the slide (see S Fig. 7) are raised .by means of their thumb pieces, when the spiral springs O, O, force the wedges down behind the fenders and keep them in place. The pulley K is then thrown against the cross arm R by means of the lever L, the cogs on the face of the pulley catch on the cross arm and set crank-Q pit-men D, D, and chisels in motion.

On the rise of each chisel the long cog on the chisel stock strikes the slide C, at the upper end of the groove (9 Fig. 7), and raises it about of an inch (the slide C being confined to the fender by a hand screw on a mortise with of an inch play, it can be raised no higher), the slide by means of the catch 8 Fig. 7 acting upon the rag-iron 7 Fig. 7 raises the wedge the same distance. By thus raising the wedges the fenders are relieved and the springs between the fenders force the fenders apart so that on the next descent of the chisels they strike back the distance desired for the thickness of a chip. On the descent of the chisels the long cogstrikes the slide C at the lower end of the groove 9 Fig. 7 and forces it down a short distance by which the spring catch 8 Fig. 7 catches into another tooth of the rag iron, when, on the next ascent of t'he chisel the wedge is again raised and the fenders allowed to be forced apart by the springs between them. This is continued until the fenders are stopped by the hand screws b, b, and the mortise is finished. The motion of the chisels is then stopped by throwing the pulley K from the cross arm R by the use of the lever L. If one of the chisels vshould remain in the mortise it may be raised by means of the handles s .s Figs. 3 and 4L to the pitmen. The spring cog U is then raised and the index P turned forward one notch when the hub is in position for -another mortise. The same process with the auger and chisels is then repeated until the hub is finished. The thickness ofthe chip cut at each stroke of the chisels will depend upon the Obliquity of the wedges and the distance between the teeth of the rag iron 7 Fig. 7 with a Wedge increasing 2 in. in twenty, raised 1% in. at each stroke as in this machine the chip will be about le in. in thickness. The mandrel should lit the hub exactly and all parts of the mach-ine shouldi be .nicely fitted; to their places, otherwise tooy much. jarring would occur..

By the use of this machine a set of four Wagon hubs may be mortisecl in twenty minutes and in. a most perfect'manner. The several parts of the machine may beV made of either' Wood or iron and? it may be enlarged or reduced. in sizey to suit the kind ofv Work to be clone or to meet the views ot theconstructor.

What I cla-im as my invention; and cle'-A sire t0 secure by Letters Patent, is

The combination of an auger and twol chisels with the several parts which regulate their operation for' the purpose of' boring and; inortising hubs, as they methoel by which the auger is brought to use through they a/uger' gate` X Fig. 2,. the stands n, n', m, and f: with)v the arrangementr of the pulleys Z', Y, N, and M,the operation and government of two chisels through the use ot fenders B, B',-l0ng cog on chisel stock (see 6 Fig. 9);, slides C, C, and: springf catch 8, Fig. 7, Wedges E, E, and rag-iron 7 Fig. 7, rods and springs O, O, Stoppers F, F, and springs Which throw they fenders apart laterally, the combination being more particularly described the foregoing speeioations. i

CHANDLER CARTER. Witnesses? ALANsoN CASE, JOHN KEYES. 

